Silas Marner: The Effect of Choice :: Character Analysis, Godfrey Cass, Eppie, Molly

3,847,295 dominoes were toppled on November 15, 2002 breaking the world record according to The Guiness Book of World Reocords. When dominos are placed in a line, standing on end, and one is pushed over, a chain reaction begins and the dominos fall as each is pushed over by its neighbor. Similarly, actions people take in life influence others and the domino effect continues. Silas Marner shows that each person’s choices affect themselves and others. First, Godfrey Cass makes unsound decisions and causes problems for people. Initially, Godfrey secretly marries Molly; he would have been better off if he had married her in the open or had not married her at all. Dunstan uses Godfrey’s marriage to threaten him and says, â€Å"‘I might tell the Squire how his handsome son [is] married to a nice young woman, Molly Farren and [is] very unhappy because he [can’t] live with his drunken wife’†(24). Godfrey’s disgraceful marriage was a bad decision. Later, Molly is unhappy about their marriage because Godfrey resides in his fine house while she dwells in a dingy, small room. Molly hated that â€Å"her husband would be smiling and smiled upon, hiding her existence in the darkest corner of his heart† (108). Then, many years after Molly succumbs to her drug addiction, Godfrey unwisely decides to try to adopt his daughter Eppie who grew up with Silas. When Godfrey breaks the news to Eppie that h e is her father, she â€Å"turns quite pale† (171) and replies, â€Å"But I can’t leave my father† (170). She is shocked that Godfrey had neglected her all of her life. It would have been nobler of Godfrey to claim Eppie as his own and reveal his marriage, but he was afraid of losing his reputation. Godfrey’s decision to marry Molly and not to claim Eppie creates turmoil in Raveloe. Additionally, Molly’s choices eventually bring Eppie to Silas, and Eppie makes decisions that make her happy. Molly sets off on her way to the Red House: â€Å"The journey on New Year’s Eve was a premeditated act of vengeance which she had kept in her heart† (108). Molly is unhappy because of her opium addiction and her marriage. When Molly collapses from the drugs, â€Å"The little one, rising on its legs, [toddles] through the snow†¦[toddles] on to the open door of Silas Marner’s cottage and right up to the warm hearth† (110). Because Molly yields to her addiction, Eppie is placed in the hands of Silas who raises Eppie happily.

“Fools Tell All They Know” or The Wisdom of Feste in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night

Almost all of Shakespeare's plays have a clown character. Clowns were popular and amusing, and were simple characters that the lower class audience members could relate to, amidst all the royal people plays were populated with. But the clowns in Shakespeare's plays served a dual purpose. Not only were they sources of comedy, but also sources of truth. Wisdom and advice are imparted through the lines of these figures of fun. The clowns reflected the true nature or intentions of the other, more â€Å"noble characters. They also foreshadow coming events. One of the most striking examples of this type of clown is the character of Feste in Twelfth Night. Feste dispenses advice and exposes truths to most of the major characters of the play. Though he is only a fool, he seems to be the only character in the play that truly has his wits about him. Feste mirrors each of the main characters, revealing facets of their respective dispositions. He often shares knowledge about other characters of which they were not aware. For example, Feste is most closely related to Olivia. She is his patron and calls upon him to amuse her. But Feste does not entertain in the standard way of a clown. He realizes that Olivia is not in control of her emotions when it comes to love, and that she lacks control over her subordinates. He says, in an aside, â€Å"Wit, an't be thy will, put me into good fooling! Those wits that think they have thee do very oft prove fools And I that am sure I lack thee may pass for a wise man. For what say Quinapalus? -‘Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.†' (1.5.29-31) Feste knows what is going on with Olivia's predicament with Orsino, but still plays the fool. He expresses his feelings of apprehension for Olivia and her supposed wisdom. Feste thinks Olivia's actions are silly, and is not afraid to tell her so in indirect ways. When Olivia gets tired of Feste's obscure advice, she tells her attendants to take away the fool, and Feste returns, â€Å"The lady bade take the fool away, therefore I say again/take her away . . . I wear not motley in my brain/good madonna give me leave to prove you a fool† (1.5.45-6, 49-51). He continues by asking Olivia why she mourns for the loss of her brother. If she believes his souls to be in heaven, as she does, then there is no reason for sorrow. Feste uses a sort of quirky pragmatism to try and show Olivia how silly she is being, but is does not work, because Olivia refuses to think of his advice as anything but the ramblings of a fool. Though Feste does seem, in some ways, to be very educated no one takes his suggestions seriously. Feste is the only character in the play that crosses into every world. He is privy to the secrets of Countess Olivia, he sings to and foretells the fate of Orsino, he guides Viola and Sebastian, Feste also ventures into the tavern world of Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Fabian and Maria. Olivia bids him to enter this world by asking him to look after her kinsman, Sir Toby, who is a â€Å"drowned man,† that is to say, drowned with drink. Feste takes a lighter view of Sir Toby stat of mind by saying he is mad with drink claiming, â€Å"He is but mad yet, Madonna, and the fool shall look to the madman. In the context of the play, Sir Toby plays more the part of the classic fool than Feste. He is merely a comic figure with no more depth to him than that of the stock drunkard. Feste is the genius of the play, but is not noble, and so does not really fit in anywhere. Sir Toby and Sir Andrew treat Feste as both a friend and a servant, paying him to sing, but requesting his company and help i n their practical jokes. Feste reveals his foreknowledge about events to come in his song to Sir Toby, O mistress mine, where are you roaming? O stay and hear, your true love's coming That can sing both high and low Trip no further pretty sweeting Journey's end in Lover's meeting Every wise man's son doth know.† (2.3.36-40) Feste reveals to these two drunkards the plot of the entire play. Of course, they do not understand and simply praise Feste's singing ability, but, nevertheless, he has revealed his wisdom and knowledge about the other characters. Later in the play, they request that Feste dress up as a wise man to fool Malvolio into thinking he has lost his wits. Feste humbly obliges and does so, playing the part willingly and well. Shakespeare's characters love to disguise themselves; this theme is often important to the plot of his comedies, but in this case, the disguise takes an ironic turn. Feste, in dressing up as a wise man, reveals his true nature instead of concealing it. Though this scene is meant to be played for bald comedic value, the audience gets a glimpse of the true nature of the clown. Truly, though, Feste does not seem very interested in the torment of Malvolio, and ultimately provides him with means to resolve his unfair predicament. â€Å"Look then to be well edified when the f ool delivers the madman,† Feste says as he reads the letter that leads to Malvolio's release from captivity. Feste is also aware of the fate that will befall Orsino. He is welcome3d to the music-loving court at Orsino's home, perhaps because he belongs to Olivia, and in this way, at least, Orsino can feel he has some sort of relationship with her. Feste quickly sees through Orsino's melancholy and wishes, Now the melancholy god protect thee, and the tailor make thy doublet of changeable taffeta, for thy mind is a very opal. I would have men of such constancy put to sea, that their business might be everything, and their intent everywhere, for that's it that always makes a good voyage of nothing.† (2.4.72-6) Feste knows exactly what Orsino is feeling, how his relationship with Olivia is shaping up, and what his final result will be. Orsino is fickle and shallow and Feste knows it. When Orsino and Feste meet again later in the play, Feste is resentful of his patronage, wishing â€Å"the worse for his friends,† then calling Orsino his friend (5.1.10,22). Clearly, like the audience, Feste does not care for the Duke Orsino. Feste reveals his wisdom most clearly in his conversations with Viola. Though he refers to her as â€Å"sir,† he does so in a sarcastic way, as if he knows her secret. Viola also forces Feste to consider his own circumstances, and he meditates, â€Å"A sentence is but a chev'ril glove to a good wit-how quickly the wrong side may be turned outward,† and Viola counters with, â€Å"Nay, that's certain. They that dally nicely with words may quickly make them wanton,† (3.1.10-14). Since Feste is an actor, Shakespeare is playing with the meaning of these lines in one of his favorite ways, by reminding the audience they are watching a play. These two are certainly the most charming characters of the play and their dialogue reveals as much. Both know a little about the other's true nature, and are not afraid to share their knowledge with each other. Feste prefers Viola (as Cesario) to Orsino as a suitor for his mistress, and so tries to help win her, and mistakenly, Sebastian, to Olivia's favor. Feste seems to grow tired of his fool's role in the play. By Act three he declares, â€Å"Words are grown so false, I am lost to make reason with them,† (3.1.22-3). He has an air of resignation in his lines towards the end of the play, ultimately leading up to his final epilogue. This song chronicles his life, in a melancholy way, ending with, † But that's all one, our play is done/ And we'll strive to please you every day.† Feste's final words are riddled with melancholy; he is doomed to always play the fool, to never be free of the constraints of the play. As a fool, Feste has all the necessary qualities: singing, impersonation, joke-telling. But, as a character, he is much more than a jester. He is the key to Twelfth Night. He gives the play depth and substance that other comedies do not contain. He weaves all the worlds of the play together with witty words and melancholy ballads. Feste is the binding element in an otherwise contrived and ordinary play.

Financial Analysis The Nursing Shortage - 1719 Words

Financial Analysis The nursing shortage in the health care setting, can affect the quality of care and the overall outcome of the patient’s health. Hospital’s having lower numbers in nursing staff can have an adverse effect on the organizations. This can result in higher incidences of hospital acquired pneumonia, urinary tract infections, decubitus and falls with injuries. The acuity level of the patient’s entering the hospital continues to rise because there are a lot of patient’s delaying to seek prompt medical attention. As these things occurs, the skills and amount of the nursing staff need to be ready and available for the patient’s as they entered into the health care setting. Although inadequate nursing staff can have an adverse effect on the patient, this can also have a financial impact on the organization. After conducting an interview with two co-workers, an analysis will discussed concerning the financial problems identified within th e organization. Second, there will be a discussion of the potential budget impact of two financial problems identified in the organization. Third, a discussion regarding the role of nursing in process of analysis with the budget development within the organization. There will be further discussion of the budget development within the organization from the chief of nursing, nurse in manager and staff nursing prospective. The purpose of this paper is conduct an analysis of the potential budget impact of the financial problemsShow MoreRelatedNursing Shortage Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesNursing Shortage (revision) October 29, 2012 The nursing shortage is an issue that is battled worldwide. There is evidence that there was a growing concern of a nursing shortage in the United States dating back to the early 1960’s. In a March 2012 report it was noted that the healthcare job market is exceeding the growth realized in 2011. This growth accounts for one out of every five new jobs in 2012 according the Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS). Registered Nursing will beRead MoreTackling the Nursing Shortage at Renfrey Memorial Hospital: Analysis and Recommendations1385 Words   |  6 PagesTackling the Nursing Shortage at Renfrey Memorial Hospital: Analysis and Recommendations Introduction The nursing situation at Renfrey Memorial Hospital is unsustainable and in dire need of correction on several levels and for several reasons. The primary problem facing this institution is the same problem faced by medical institutions throughout the nation and indeed much of the world: many nurses are nearing retirement age, and the nursing profession is no longer the draw for younger collegeRead MoreDemand Versus Supply Essay1232 Words   |  5 PagesStates continues to be an issue with increasing shortages of registered nurses (RN) and the increasing demand for health care services. There is a higher demand for registered nurses because of the increase in population, aging baby boomers, and increase in chronic diseases. The shortage of registered nurses impacts the health status and quality of life of the population. Factors that impact health care are the importance of supplying adequate nursing personnel and retaining RN’s in the workplaceRead MoreEducational Prepara tion And Varying Competencies Of Bsn Vs And Nurses1029 Words   |  5 Pagesinception in the 1950s, Associate Degree Nursing programs remain the subject of much controversy, policy and conviction with World War II prompting innovative changes in nursing education. The World War called for nurses to serve the need of the civilian force, however, since traditional hospital programs at the time spun 36 months or more, a shortage of competent healthcare professionals was imminent. The United States Congress responded to the shortage by passing the Nurse Training Act of 1943Read MoreNursing Workforce Shortage Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesWith a growing population of baby boomers there is a high demand for nursing care. Nursing care is the most important because nurses provide the highest number of preventative and curative patient care (Oulton, 2006). However, a growing problem of nursing shortage will put older adult care in great jeopardy. A higher demand for nurses are needed to take care of the older generation, but issues such as aging nursing staff, unfavorable work environment, and lack of access to continueRead MoreNurse Turnover And Nurse Retention1315 Words   |  6 Pages Nurse Turnover and Nurse Retention Stephanie Williams NURS- 411.01 Issues and Leadership in Nursing Delaware State University The nursing shortage in healthcare has been a highlighted issue for many years. With the ever-growing health care system, hospitals and healthcare facilities often find themselves searching for ways to acquire new nurses and retain their very own. Throughout the years, the number one solution to this problem remains the same: decreasing nurse turnoverRead MoreEssay Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management1273 Words   |  6 PagesEffective Approaches in Leadership and Management The current and growing shortage of nurses is posing a real threat to the ability of hospitals, long-term care facilities, and others to provide timely access to quality care. Nurse staffing shortages and nurse turn-over contributes to the growing reduction in the number of staffed patient beds available for services, increasing costs, and rising concerns about the quality of care. Health care organizations highly depend on nurse managers and leadersRead MoreDescription Of The Program Or Service997 Words   |  4 Pagesof adverse events in the or Creating financial efficiency in training programs – long term Increase recruitment Justification or Rationale for the Program or Service Today’s health care environ- ment is characterized by both a nursing shortage (Buerhaus, Staiger, Auerbach, 2008) and financial instability created by continuous declines in cost reimbursement (Zelman, McCue, Glick, 2009). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (2013) projects over 1 million nursing job openings by 2022 due to growth andRead MoreThe Shortfall Of Available Nurses In The Healthcare Industry.1339 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem which many researches and studies have concluded. Finally, the report provides the most effective solutions and recommendations to the nurses shortage problem in the US. The Shortage of Available Nurses in The Health Care Industry One of the biggest challenges that the healthcare industry is facing is the shortage of the registered nurses in the hospitals and in the community. Lack of nurses is a widespread problem that many counties around the world are facingRead MoreThe Quality Of A Quantitative Research Study1403 Words   |  6 Pagescontinues to face a nursing shortage with a national vacancy rate of 8.1% (Hunt, 2014) and a turnover rate of 14.1%. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN 2009) and others have predicted that by the year 2025, there will be a shortage of 260,000 nurses (Buerhaus, Donelan, DesRoches, Hess, 2009). Although this shortage has improved from 2007 to 2009, the need for nurses over the next several years is uncertain because of changes in the economy, population, interest in nursing, and availability

Population Density Information and Statistics

Population density is an often reported and commonly compared statistic for places around the world. Population density is the measure of the number of people per unit area, commonly represented as people per square mile (or square kilometer). The population density of the planet (including all land area) is about 38 people per square mile (57 per sq km).  The population density of the United States is approximately 87.4 people per square mile, according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Computing Population Density To determine an areas population density, divide an areas total population by the land area in square miles (or square kilometers). For example, Canadas population of 35.6 million (July 2017 estimated by the CIA World Factbook), divided by the land area of 3,855,103  square miles (9,984,670  sq km) yields a density of 9.24 people per square mile.   Although this number would seem to indicate that 9.24  people live on each square mile of Canadian land area, the density within the country varies dramatically; a vast majority lives in the southern part of the country. Density is only a raw gauge to measure a populations disbursement across the land. Density can be computed for any area,  as long as one knows the size of the land area and the population within that area. The population density of cities, states, entire continents, and even the world can be computed. What Country Has the Highest Density? The tiny country of Monaco has the worlds highest population density. With an area of three-fourths of a square mile (2 sq km) and a total population of 30,645, Monaco has a density of almost 39,798 people per square mile. However, because  Monaco and other microstates have very high densities due to their extremely small size, Bangladesh (population 157,826,578)  is often considered the most densely populated country, with more than 2,753 people per square mile. What Country Is the Most Sparse? Mongolia is the worlds least densely populated country, with only five people per square mile (2 per sq km). Australia and Namibia tie  for a close second with 7.8 people per square mile (3 per sq km). These two countries are further examples of density being a limited statistic, as Australia may be huge, but the population resides mainly on its coasts. Namibia has the same density figure but a much smaller total land area. Most Tightly Packed Continent Perhaps not surprisingly, the most densely populated continent is Asia. Here are the population densities of the continents: North America - 60.7 people per square mileSouth America - 61.3 people per square mileEurope - 187.7 people per square mileAsia - 257.8  people per square mileAfrica - 103.7 people per square mileAustralia - 7.8 people per square mile Most Densely Populated Hemisphere About 90 percent  of the Earths people live on 10 percent of the land. Additionally, about 90 percent of the people live north of the equator in the Northern Hemisphere.

The Discrimination of Woman in the Workplace Essay

The Discrimination of Woman in the Workplace During the 1950s and 1960s, increasing numbers of married women entered the labor force, but in 1963 the average working woman earned only 63% of what a man made. That year The Feminine Mystique, a critique of middle-class patterns was published. The author encouraged readers to seek new roles and responsibilities, to seek their own personal and professional identities rather than have them defined by the outside, male-dominated society. During debate on the 1964 Civil Rights bill, an amendment was proposed to outlaw discrimination on the basis of gender as well as race. First the amendment, then the bill itself, passed, giving women a legal†¦show more content†¦Men have an upper hand, because they have been traditionally the ones that run and control business. It is very difficult to break a tradition or trend like that. When it comes to substantial positions, a woman has a tough ti me competing with a man that has anywhere near her qualifications, just for the plain fact that a man usually feels more comfortable hiring another man. Men feel that woman are not capable of handling these positions and just hire a male over a female almost every time. When it comes to equality some standards still need to be kept in mind. A woman should not be hired to fill a mandatory quota. To be hired, one should definitely have to meet all the requirements of the job. At one time women went to school to be nurses or teachers, now they are receiving similar degrees in all the areas that men are and doing just as well, if not better, at times. If a woman can qualify herself for a job just like a man would, then obviously she fit to hold the same job as a man would. Men need to step back and ask themselves, â€Å"why not hire a woman?† instead of, â€Å"why hire a woman? The ratio of men to woman that hold upper managerial, CEO, and stock market jobs is unbelievable . All of these jobs are simply dominated by men. These are some of the most powerful jobs in America, and women are simply not given the chance to hold them. Women could bring a whole new perspective to all of these positions if they were toShow MoreRelatedWhen People Think Of Discrimination, They Tend To Think1254 Words   |  6 Pagespeople think of discrimination, they tend to think back to older times of slavery, racism, and an underdeveloped country. Sadly, discrimination actual plays a large role in the workplace of today. Discrimination is defined as â€Å"treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin color, sex, sexuality, etc.† according to the Cambridge Dictionary (Cambridge University Press 1). 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Unicorns Are Real After All Free Essays

Unicorns Are Real After All The Lavada Johnston Story â€Å"I just don’t understand how people can go through with one-night stands, I just can’t do it. † I just sat there for a little while in silent disbelief. I was trying to decide whether or not I should take offense to the statement or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Unicorns Are Real After All or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before I could formulate my response, my friend Lavada said, â€Å"No offense to you, or anyone else, I just don’t get it. † Throughout my life, I thought I had encountered pretty much every type of person, and I could’ve sworn that I had my generation completely pegged. However, since meeting Lavada Johnston, my iron-clad definition of people my age has been greatly disproven. I first met Lavada, in my Stage Crafting class. Because it was the beginning of the semester, I didn’t really know any of the other theater students just yet. But for some reason, I felt drawn to her. She had a very intriguing look about her. She had a curvaceous and voluptuous body type. Her hair was jet black, nails painted black, black eye make-up, and a lip ring. My first impression was that she was either of the gothic or emo persuasion, but she didn’t exactly have the particularly â€Å"dark† quality that most gothic/emo people I’ve met possess. She had sort of a quirkiness about her that didn’t seem intimidating. In fact, it was pretty much very inviting. I consider myself a pretty good judge of character, so I decided to befriend her. To my surprise, it didn’t take long at all for us to develop a rather strong friendship with each other. The more I hung around her, the more interesting she became to me, and still does now. She sometimes seems sort of reserved and maybe even shy sometimes, but all of that goes out of the window when she is comfortable. She is full of life, a vibrant fun loving college student. When I found out that her natural hair color is actually blonde, I wasn’t even surprised. In fact, once I thought about it, it really suits her, and her personality. Like myself, Lavada is a theater major. She wants to pursue musical theater, but for some reason, she is shy about singing. This is something I didn’t understand considering she has an amazing singing, and perfect for the theater. Her musical interests are also something that caused us to spark such a quick friendship. Turns out we are both Family Force 5 fanatics, although Lavada may be border lining obsession. All of the things I’ve mentioned about her are all things I find very interesting about her. But there is one particular reason that piqued my interest enough to really cause me to press even further into her life and to explore her outlook on the world around her. One day after grabbing lunch in the union, Lavada and I were walking together, seeing how my dorm was in the same direction as hers. We had what eventually became a very serious discussion. I’ll never forget my mixture of surprise and disbelief when I found out Lavada’s secret. I’m not exactly sure how we got on this topic of conversation, but somehow we ended up discussing sex. However, it’s not like it’s uncommon for college students to talk about sex. In fact, what college student hasn’t had sex before, right? Wrong. I still can hear the words as clear as a bell in my head, â€Å"Scottie, I’m a virgin. † When she told me this, there was no way I could hide the shocked expression plastered all over my face. It took me a while to even gather that she was serious. Lavada Johnston is a twenty-one year old college student, who has never had sex. Part of me felt guilty for being so surprised by this confession. I mean, it’s not like it’s a bad thing or anything like that. It was just, I’ve never known such a person to resist. But then I decided that I must be missing something here. Maybe I should read the fine print, I thought. But as I pressed further into Lavada and her sexual activity, the more I believed her. I said to myself there has to be some technicalities or something because you can’t just go your entire life without having sex, unless you’re one of those insanely religious people or something. Seeing how Lavada wasn’t anywhere near being a religious type person, my curiosity was piqued even further. For lack of a better one, my first question was simply, â€Å"Why? Lavada looked around, gave an innocent but rather vacant expression, flailed her hands up and said, â€Å"I don’t know. † By this point, I began to seriously pester her and express my whole-hearted awe in her confession. Over and over again, Lavada gave me not one excuse or reason as to why she had never had sex. Everything she said was enough to cause the average girl to have the occasional â₠¬Å"I hate boys† syndrome, but never is it enough to hold back the raging hormones we’re faced with at this age. Or so I thought. I decided to have an official interview with Lavada, in which I would be determined to find the answers I was looking for. Lavada Johnston was born in Winona, Mississippi and then later moved to Eupora, Mississippi, which is where she stills whenever school isn’t in session. She attended Montgomery High School in Kilmichael, where she graduated in the year 2007. Throughout her school days, Lavada seemed to be the classic headstrong rebel type of girl who got into plenty of trouble for fighting. Her family moved around a lot, so she never stayed in one place for long. This made it really hard for her to develop a strong circle of friends. Therefore, she turned to books. She loves to read. She was one of those Harry Potter type kids, into mythical creatures, magic, vampires, you know, the whole nine yards. As far as music goes, aside from Family Force 5, she is pretty much hard rock oriented. I asked her why she chose to come to Ole Miss. She responded with a very straight forward answer. â€Å"It was either here, or Mississippi State, but if I had gone to state, I know I would’ve gotten into too many fights. I simply laughed and nodded in agreement at my friend. It is safe to say, that since coming to college, she has finally found steady friends, which of course she loves because she hasn’t ever really had that before. I of course was and still am both grateful and happy to be a friend to her. The more I hang around Lavada, the more I see the kind of person she is. There is no denying that is sweet and kind to any everyone. I obser ved that she has a hard to saying no to people, even if she wants to. In my opinion, Lavada possesses something that is rare in our generation. And I don’t mean her virginity. Although, I do believe that it truly reflects the kind of person she really is. She’s someone who isn’t concerned with impressing others. The fact that she has yet to swipe her â€Å"V- card† speaks volumes about her values and the standards that she holds for herself. She is kind, fun-loving, and seems to sincerely care about her fellow human-being in a way that is apparent in her everyday life. I truly wish more people our age would take a lesson from Lavada, and maybe we could all make a change for the better. How to cite Unicorns Are Real After All, Papers

Decentralized Blockchain Technology and Cryptographia Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Decentralized Blockchain Technology and Cryptographia. Answer: Introduction: The blockchains refer to the global distribution ledger. The main function of blockchains is to facilitate the movement of various assets across the whole world in the fraction of seconds. This total process takes a minimum transaction fee. The value of the assets can be anything. However, the major condition is that the transferable assets must be represented digitally. In the case of blockchains, another major concept is Bitcoin. The technology of blockchains is applicable to all the digital assets transition exchanged on the online basis (Wright and De Filippi 2015). Internet commerce has tie up with the financial institutions as it works as the trusted third party that processes and mediates the electronic transactions. The major role of a trusted third party is to validate, safeguard and preserve various kinds of internet-based transactions. It can be seen that one cannot avoid a certain percentage of fraud in the process of online transactions. This aspect of fraud needs the pr ocess of meditation in case of the financial transactions. As a result, high transaction costs are incurred (Pilkington 2015). At the time of the execution of any transaction over internet, bitcoin applies the process of cryptographic proof between two willing parties. In the process of blockchains, all the transactions are protected with a digital signature. With the help of the private key, each transaction is sent to the public key of the receiver (Crosby et al. 2016). The owner of the crypto currency needs to provide the proof of his/her ownership of the private key at the time of spending money with the help of blockchains. With the help of this process, the owner gets the currency in the digital form that verified with the digital signature. Bitcoin has the broadcast of each of this kind of transaction and all the transactions are recorded in the public ledger after the process of verification. It can be seen that the process of blockchains works in five specific processes (Herbert and Litchfield 2015). It is necessary to discuss these five steps or processes to know the functioning process of blockcha ins. They are as follows: As per the above discussion, it can be seen that there are five steps or processes in a blockchain transactions. Each steps are described below: Step 1: Transaction Definition: In this particular process, the sender develops a transaction and the transaction is transmitted with the assistance of network. In the transaction message, certain details of the transaction are recorded; they are the receivers public address details, the transaction value and a cryptographic digital signature that works as the prove of the authenticity of the transaction (Mainelli and Smith 2015). Step 2: Transaction Authentication: In this process, the generated nodes of the network receives the message and after that, the authenticity of the validity of the message is tested with the help of digital signature. Now, the authenticated transaction is taken to the pending transactions. Step 3: Creation of Block: In this particular process, an updated version of the ledger receives all these pending transactions and this is called a block in one of the networks. These nodes broadcasts the blocks to the networks for validation at a specific interval (Peters and Panayi 2016). Step 4: Validation of Block: This process is one of the important processes in blockchains. In this process, the network validator nodes receive the proposed block and with the help of an interactive process, they work to validate the transactions. It has been seen that different blockchain networks adopt different kind of validation techniques. The blockchain of Bitcoin uses the validations technique of proof-of-work, the blockchain of Ripple uses the validation technique of Disturbed Consensus, the blockchain of Ethereum uses the validation technique of proof-of-stake and many others. Different validation techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, the main objective of all the validation techniques is to ensure the validity of the transaction and to make the process of fraudulent in blockchain impossible (Ali et al. 2014). Step 5: Block Chaining: In case all the transactions are validated, all the new blocks are chained into the process of blockchai. After this process, the network gets the broadcast of the net current state of the ledger. The total process of the above-discussed five steps takes 3-10 seconds to be completed. In this way the whole process of blockchain works (Mattila 2016). The above discussion shows the total process of the work of blockchain. From the above analysis, it can be understood that the blockchain technology has some major advantages. However, this technology also has some major disadvantages. The major advantages and disadvantages of the blockchain technology to settle transactions are discussed below: The advantages of blockchain method are discussed below: Disintermediation Trustless Exchange: One of the major advantages of blockchain method is the absence of any kind of third parties in the process of transaction. In the process of blockchain, two parties are able to make an exchange in the absence of any third parties or intermediaries. This aspect is helpful in the process of reducing the counterparty risk (Klinc et al. 2012). Empowerment of the Users: In the process of blockchain transactions, the users have absolute control over all the necessary information and transactions. This aspect is helpful in the process of empowerment of the users (Andreeva et al. 2013). High Quality Data: In the process of blockchain, the used data are consistent, complete, accurate, timely and they are widely available. The users can easily obtain the important data of the transactions. Hence, blockchain helps to maintain the high quality of the data in the transactions (Klinc et al. 2012). Durability, Reliability and Longevity: Due to the presence of the strong decentralized network, any central point of failure cannot be seen in the method of blockchain. This process helps blockchain to valid the malicious virus attacks (Andreeva et al. 2013). Integration in the Process: In the process of blockchain, the users are ensured that the total process of blockchain will be executed according to the exact protocol commands without the needs for any their party or intermediaries. This process makes blockchain integrated (Klinc et al. 2012). Transparent and Immutable: All the parties involved in the process of blockchain can see all the changes made in the method of blockchain. This process increases the transparency of the total process. In addition, all the transactions are immutable, as they cannot be deleted (Andreeva et al. 2013). Simplification of the Ecosystem: In the process of blockchain, all the transactions are added to a single public ledger. This process reduces the clutter and the multiple ledger complications. Faster Transactions: While the process of interbank transactions can take days to be cleared, the process of blockchain takes minutes to be completed and they work for 24/7 (Klinc et al. 2012). Lower Transaction Costs: As there is not any presence of third party or intermediaries and overhead costs, the total process of blockchain takes lower transaction costs (Andreeva et al. 2013). The disadvantages of the process of blockchain are discussed below: Nascent technology: Some of the major areas of blockchain that needs speedy resolve are the speed of the transactions, the process of verification, data limits and others. These factors can be obstacles in the process of blockchain are not resolved on a speedy basis (Padhmavathi et al. 2013). Uncertainty in the Regulatory Status: The method of blockchain faces some major regulatory hurdles regarding the status of the exchanged currencies. The main reason is the regulatory policies of the governments regarding the currencies of the countries (Watanabe et al. 2015). Energy of Large Consumption: The method of blockchain is attempting to resolve 450 thousand trillion solutions per second so that all the transactions are validated. Hence, this process consume a large amount of energy. In the era of resource scarcity, this is a major disadvantage of blockchain method (Padhmavathi et al. 2013). Control, Security and Privacy: Some public security concerns are there in the process of blockchain. This is one of the major disadvantages of blockchain. The general public needs to entrust their personal data and information for blockchain method (Watanabe et al. 2015). Concern of Integration: When the method of blockchain provide solutions to the users, significant amount of changes need to be made in the total process. For this reason, the business organizations need to effectively strategize all of their transactions (Padhmavathi et al. 2013). Cultural Adoption: One of the major aspects of blockchain is the decentralized process of the network that demands the buy in of the operators and the users. In this case, culture is a crucial aspect (Watanabe et al. 2015). Initial Cost: Although the method of blockchain offers a high amount of cost saving, the initial cost to set up a blockchain method is very costly (Padhmavathi et al. 2013). According to the above analysis, it can be seen that the method of blockchain has many advantages along with many disadvantages. From the current scenario, it can be observed that the equity market along with the economy is dependent on the process of blockchain. Hence, it can surely be said that there are certain areas or scenarios that will be largely affected by the disruption of the technology of blockchain. One of the major factors that will be disrupted with the technology of blockchain will be the banking sector. It can be said that the banking sector is largely depends on the blockchain as most of the banking transactions are done with the help of blockchain methods. The process of blockchain is providing a large opportunity to the banking sectors to change its various operations along with the change in the current business model (Trautman 2016). It can be seen that the bankers all over the world hail the inclusion of the blockchain technology. Most of the banker all over the world is considering the fact that the blockchain technology is one of the major factors to diminish the presence of the intermediaries or third parties in the process of banking transactions; this process will be a useful tool to bring transparency in the total process. Thus, it can be said that the disruption in the blockchain technology will affect the banking industry on a large basis. Another major area that will be affected is the financial business sector. It can be seen that the inclusion of the blockchain method is a helpful tool to massively change the business models of the financial sector. Now-a-days, most of the transactions of the financial transactions are done with the help of the blockchain method. Hence, the disruption in this technology will affect the financial sectors. Another major sector that will be affected with the disruption o f blockchain is the share market as most of the transactions of the share market is done with the help of blockchain (Ammous 2016). As per the current announcement of Australian Securities Exchange (ASX), the new method of blockchain is going to replace the Australian Securities Exchange's CHESS clearing and settlement system. From the above statement, it can be understood that ASX is considering the adoption of blockchain over CHESS method. It can be said that this is a good and effective decision as the blockchain method has many advantages. In Australia, there are many banks that have been connected to the global banks for bringing innovation in the process of banking. For this reason, blockchain is an optimal method as this process is full of innovation. With the help of the method of blockchain, the banks will be able to transfer the funds with lower amount of costs and in this process; they do not have to rely on the central banks (Fanning and Centers 2016). There are numerous reasons that support the method of blockchain over the CHESS method. On the other hand, some of the major drawbacks are there in the CHESS method. In the process of CHESS method, the intermediaries play a crucial part and this reason contributes to the increase in the cost of the transactions. In addition, security issues regarding the data and information is another major concern of the CHESS method, as the users cannot fully rely on this method. All these aspects prove the superiority of the blockchain method over the CHESS method. Hence, it can be conclude that the process of blockchain method is better than the process of CHESS. References Ali, R., Barrdear, J., Clews, R. and Southgate, J., 2014. Innovations in payment technologies and the emergence of digital currencies. Ammous, S.H., 2016. Blockchain Technology: What is it good for?.Browser Download This Paper. Andreeva, E., Bogdanov, A., Luykx, A., Mennink, B., Tischhauser, E. and Yasuda, K., 2013, December. Parallelizable and authenticated online ciphers. InInternational Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security(pp. 424-443). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Atzori, M., 2015. Blockchain technology and decentralized governance: Is the state still necessary?. Crosby, M., Pattanayak, P., Verma, S. and Kalyanaraman, V., 2016. Blockchain technology: Beyond bitcoin.Applied Innovation,2, pp.6-10. Fanning, K. and Centers, D.P., 2016. Blockchain and its coming impact on financial services.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,27(5), pp.53-57. Herbert, J. and Litchfield, A., 2015, January. A Novel Method for Decentralised Peer-to-Peer Software License Validation Using Cryptocurrency Blockchain Technology. InProceedings of the 38th Australasian Computer Science Conference (ACSC 2015)(Vol. 27, p. 30). Klinc, D., Hazay, C., Jagmohan, A., Krawczyk, H. and Rabin, T., 2012. On compression of data encrypted with block ciphers.IEEE transactions on information theory,58(11), pp.6989-7001. Mainelli, M. and Smith, M., 2015. Sharing ledgers for sharing economies: an exploration of mutual distributed ledgers (aka blockchain technology).The Journal of Financial Perspectives,3(3), pp.38-69. Mattila, J., 2016. The Blockchain Phenomenon.):Book The Blockchain Phenomenon(Berkeley Roundtable of the International Economy, 2016, edn.). Padhmavathi, B., Ray, A., Anjum, A. and Bhat, S., 2013, January. Improvement of CBC encryption technique by using the Merkle-Hellman Knapsack Cryptosystem. InIntelligent Systems and Control (ISCO), 2013 7th International Conference on(pp. 340-344). IEEE. Peters, G.W. and Panayi, E., 2016. Understanding Modern Banking Ledgers through Blockchain Technologies: Future of Transaction Processing and Smart Contracts on the Internet of Money. InBanking Beyond Banks and Money(pp. 239-278). Springer International Publishing. Pilkington, M., 2015. Blockchain technology: principles and applications.Browser Download This Paper. Trautman, L.J., 2016. Is Disruptive Blockchain Technology the Future of Financial Services?. Watanabe, H., Fujimura, S., Nakadaira, A., Miyazaki, Y., Akutsu, A. and Kishigami, J.J., 2015, October. Blockchain contract: A complete consensus using blockchain. InConsumer Electronics (GCCE), 2015 IEEE 4th Global Conference on(pp. 577-578). IEEE. Wright, A. and De Filippi, P., 2015. Decentralized blockchain technology and the rise of lex cryptographia.